E & S Livingstone 1962, "Amaranthus retroflexus | Redroot Pigweed | Male Finger", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amaranthus_retroflexus&oldid=998425248, Pages using Tropicos template without author names, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 January 2021, at 09:21. rough pigweed ... hairy stem can grow up to 6 1/2 feet in height. It is in flower from July to September, and the … Although native to the lower 48, this warm season annual is considered a weed by most. Each leaf base is rounded, the tip can be acute, obtuse, emarginate, or rounded.. The seeds are edible and can be eaten raw or cooked. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of electromagnetic field on germination characteristics of pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). They are sometimes ground into a powder and eaten as a substitute for cereal. 1 and 2a), smooth pigweed (Fig. The leaves are nearly 15 cm (5.9 in) long on large individuals, the ones higher on the stem having a lance shape and those lower on the plant diamond or oval in shape. 2c) are tall, er… The Importance of Soil Characteristics in Determining Survival of First Year Cottonwood Seedlings in Altered Riparian Habitats. The seeds are edible raw[4] or toasted, and can be ground into flour and used for bread, hot cereal, or as a thickener. However, it can be identified by its shorter and stouter growth habit. Amaranthus retroflexus L. is an accepted name This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Amaranthus (family Amaranthaceae ). It has an erect stem, 1 to 6.6 feet (0.3-2 m) tall, that is commonly freely branched. redroot pigweed. Amaranthus retroflexus ← → Other Common Names: careless weed. Numerous, small, green monoecious flowers with prominent bracts that are longer than their tepals. Amaranthus retroflexus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae with several common names, including red-root amaranth, redroot pigweed, red-rooted pigweed, common amaranth, pigweed amaranth, and common tumbleweed. However, A. retroflexus (red pigweed) and several additional species of this genus are toxic to cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and, rarely, horses. The seeds are edible and can be eaten raw or cooked. It grows unbranched or with minimal branches. Amaranthus retroflexus L. seeds were harvested from plants grown under uniform conditions in Ames, Iowa, from seeds collected in North America and eastern Europe. are annual herbaceous plants with a short growing period of about 4–6 weeks. The inflorescence is a large, dense cluster of flowers interspersed with spiny green bracts. 16(4). Although portions of this plant are edible, ingestion is detrimental to … This plant can be distinguished from other pigweeds by its less dense terminal spike. The leaves are nearly 15 cm (5.9 in) long on large individuals, the ones higher on the stem having a lance shape and those lower on the plant diamond or oval in shape. One glossy black to dark reddish brown seed is revealed when the bladder-like capsule splits, circumferentially, at maturity. Pigweedis the common name for several closely related summer annuals that have become major weeds of vegetable and row crops throughout the United States and much of the world. Review: Microsite characteristics influencing weed seedling recruitment and implications for recruitment modeling. This is an erect, annual herb reaching a maximum height near 3 m (9.8 ft). This plant is now found nearly worldwide as an introduced plant. 1913. The plant is monoecious, with individuals bearing both male and fe… 4, p. 627. Comparison of pollen characteristics [mean(min-max)±st. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Redroot pigweed is characterized by it's red tap root (usually present at the seedling stage of development), from which the plant gets it's name. dev.] Although portions of this plant are edible, ingestion is detrimental to pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. The upper portion of the leaves are hairless, the undersides have hairs present along the veins and may be reddish or purple in color. The plant is monoecious, with individuals bearing both male and female flowers. Amaranthus retroflexus is a ANNUAL growing to 0.9 m (3ft). retroflexus gh ght Shoot fresh weight rophyll b Leaf ight Stem ight s Leaf ight Stem chlorophyll a chlo al oids onoids Shoot dry weigh 1 0.84** 0.76* 0.80** 0.81** 0.87** 0.49ns 0.55 ns 0.56 ns 0.61 ns -0.40 ns Effects of environmental factors on germination and emergence of Amaranthus retroflexus. 563-571 p. The fruit is a capsule less than 2 mm (0.079 in) long[4] with a "lid" which opens to reveal a tiny black seed. Characteristics and … Pigweed is a multi-stemmed summer annual in the Amaranth family. They emerge, grow, flower, set seed, and die within the frost-free growing season. The leaves are alternate on the stem, long-stalked, and range from dull green to shiny or reddish green. 991 1753 . variability of Amaranthus retroflexus. Identifying Characteristics. [10], A. retroflexus is a weed and has developed resistance against fomesafen in Northeast China. The young leaves are also edible. Amaranthus retroflexus is an erect, annual plant with a stem that can be unbranched or branched only near the top; it can grow 20 - 150cm tall, occasionally to 200cm 270 Title Sprouts can be added to salads. [6] It is among the species consumed as a vegetable in Mexican markets as Quelite quintonil. The leaves are smaller in the upper portion of the central stem. form a strategic partnership called N.C. Flowers clustered in spikes on panicles. Amaranthus retroflexus, true to one of its common names, forms a tumbleweed. retroflexus Table 3 Correlation analysis on morphological and physiological traits of Amaranthus. Amaranthus retroflexus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae with several common names, including red-root amaranth, redroot pigweed, red-rooted pigweed, common amaranth, pigweed amaranth, and common tumbleweed.[3]. 92, Issue. Young leaves may be eaten raw or cooked. Characteristics. Robert Vidéki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org, Steve Dewey, Utah State Univ., Bugwood.org, Phil Westra, Colorado State Univ., Bugwood.org, Doug Doohan, Ohio State Univ./OARDC, Bugwood.org, Lynn Sosnoskie, Univ. [7], Like many other species of Amaranthus, this plant may be harmful and even deadly when fed to cattle and pigs in large amounts over several days. SPECIES: Amaranthus retroflexus GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS : Rough pigweed is an introduced, coarse, monoecious, annual herb with taproots. Restoration Ecology. Habitat terrestrial ... Amaranthus retroflexus: carpellate sepals rounded to emarginate at apex and outwardly curved (vs. A. hybridus, with carpellate sepals acute to subacute at apex and erect). Post navigation ← Previous News And Events Posted on December 2, 2020 by The seed, oil, and leaf are used as food. A. retroflexus was used for a multitude of food and medicinal purposes by many Native American groups. Considered a weed, it can be found growing in wastelands, prairies, fallow fields, farm lots, gravelly areas, and cultivated fields. The tips of the leaves are pointed or sometimes slightly notched. The leaf blade is oval to diamond-shaped, but is usually broader at the base. Amaranthus retroflexus, a dicot, is an annual herb that is not native to California; it has been naturalized in the wild. as hybrids; in many cases they are probably just extremes of the natural. In Madrid (2018-05-27) Courtesy: Dorina Pitorac, Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food N.C. Ground seeds can be used as a cereal. Amaranthus spp. The central stem is stout, rounded, veined and covered with white hairs. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, Vol. It is hardy to zone (UK) 4 and is frost tender. retroflexus and taxa of the Amaranthus hybridus aggregate (e.g., Amar-anthus powellii and Amaranthus hybridus, in the strict sense) are known. [3] It is native to the tropical Americas, but is widespread as an introduced species on most continents in a great number of habitats. Most pigweeds are tall, erect-to-bushy plants with simple, oval- to diamond-shaped, alternate leaves, and dense inflorescences (flower clusters) comprised of many small, greenish flowers. Below are some identifying characteristics to help you when making your decision. Physical Characteristics. 3 vols. Amaranthus retroflexus, true to one of its common names, forms a tumbleweed. This variety of pigweed is different in appearance than other common weeds in the same family. of Georgia, Bugwood.org. Top of page A. retroflexus is thought to be a native riverbank pioneer of the central and … of the investigated species. Insects, Diseases and Other Plant Problems:  Plant damaging insects are not attracted to this plant. Several potential toxins, including nitrates, oxalates, and several unknown nephrotoxic and myocardiotoxic factors, have been associated with Amaranthus … Amaranth is a plant. Amaranthus hybridus: sepals of fruit-bearing flowers acute at apex and inflorescence with many, short, croweded, thick branches of flowers (vs. A. retroflexus, with sepals of fruit-bearing flowers rounded to truncate at apex and inflorescence with few to many, slender, lax branches of … This plant is eaten as a vegetable in different places of the world. The three species are discussed together because they are difficult to distinguish from one another in the field, have similar life cycles and habits of growth, and present similar management challenges in crop production. Britton, N.L., and A. both in the Americas and the Old World. Levels may b. The stems are reddish near the base of the plant. Cooperative Extension prohibits discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex (including pregnancy), disability, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, and veteran status. It is used in the Indian state of Kerala to prepare a popular dish known as thoran by combining the finely cut leaves with grated coconut, chili peppers, garlic, turmeric and other ingredients. Other symptoms, such as bloat or methylglobineamia in the most severe cases, might reflect its high nitrate content. Amaranthus retroflexus and A. graecizans show the smallest values (2.20 - 2.60). * salicifolius USDA Symbol: AMRE USDA Native Status: L48 (N), AK (I), HI (I), CAN (I), SPM. Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day), 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b. Amaranthus retroflexus . Amaranthus L. is genus of C4 dicotyledonous herbaceous plants comprising approximately 70 species, with three subgenera, which contains both cultivated and wild types, where cultivated ones are used for food grains, leafy vegetables, potential forages and ornamentals. Table 1. 2b), and Powell amaranth (Fig. Another of A. retroflexus's common names is "pigweed" because it grows where hogs are pasture-fed. The seeds may be eaten raw, or toasted. Amaranthus retroflexus - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia - WikiMil Amaranthus retroflexus Amaranthus retroflexus L. Redroot Amaranth Amaranthaceae (Amaranth Family) Synonym(s): Amaranthus retroflexus var. A Large Image of Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot amaranth) from the USDA PLANTS database Amaranthus retroflexus, Red-root amaranth, Seeds per gram: 2200 Cultivation / direction of sowing: sow seed directly where it is to grow in lating spring. High oxalate ingestion can result in kidney failure. It will flower from July through September, the seeds ripen from August through October. A relative of grain amaranth, redroot pigweed, (Amaranthus retroflexus), has been shown to have 24% crude protein and 79% in vitro digestible dry matter. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to production, with infestations spreading northward.This research investigated the influence of planting date (early, mid-, and late season) and population (AR, IN, MO, MS, NE, and TN) on A. palmeri growth and reproduction at two … No species of genus Amaranthus is known to be poisonous,[5] but the leaves contain oxalic acid and may contain nitrates if grown in nitrate-rich soils, so the water should be discarded after boiling. [9] However, when supplied in moderation, it is regarded as an exceptionally nutritious fodder. This is an erect, annual herb reaching a maximum height near 3 m (9.8 ft). Jan Kępczyński, Paweł Sznigir, Response of Amaranthus retroflexus L. seeds to gibberellic acid, ethylene and abscisic acid depending on duration of stratification and burial, Plant Growth Regulation, 10.1007/s10725-012-9774-3, 70, 1, (15-26), (2012). Nitrate poisoning in horses and ruminants is characterized by a bluish cast to the mucous membranes, respiratory distress, weakness and trembling. As many as 117,000 seeds can be produced per plant. Pl. Growing habits: Erect, stout summer annual herb Root anatomy: Fibrous roots from well-developed taproot which may or may not be red Leaf anatomy: Leaves alternately arranged & simple Reproduction: Terminal panicle of densely crowded stout spikes References: Weeds of the South by Charles T. Bryson and Michael S. DeFelice The record derives from WCSP (in review) (data supplied on 2012-03-23 ) which reports it as an accepted name with original publication details: Sp. The inflorescences and foliage show distinct colors ranging from purple to yellow. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is a problematic weed encountered in U.S. cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Pigweeds are known nitrate accumulators, and amaranth responds similarly. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. [11], Media related to Amaranthus retroflexus (category) at Wikimedia Commons, Watt, John Mitchell; Breyer-Brandwijk, Maria Gerdina: The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa 2nd ed Pub. It grows unbranched or with minimal branches. They can also be sprouted. The entire plant is used to make medicine. Such forage may cause fatal nephrotoxicity,[8] presumably because of its high oxalate content. The seeds may be eaten, raw or cooked, ground into a flour, or sprouted. Germination of seeds from northern populations was significantly higher at 20°C than that from southern populations at the same temperature. Read our Commitment to Diversity | Read our Privacy Statement. Usually such plants are treated. Redroot pigweed (Figs. Pigweeds thrive in hot weather, tolerate drought, respond to hi… They are sometimes ground into a powder and eaten as a substitute for cereal. It is native to the tropical Americas, but is widespread as an introduced species on most continents in a great number of habitats. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Amaranthus. The margins of the leaves are smooth. Brown. Pigweeds accumulate nitrates, which can lead to nitrate poisoning in grazing animals such as horses and ruminants. Sprouts can be added to salads. A food source for birds, butterflies, moths, insects and small mammals. Redroot pigweed, smooth pigweed, and Powell amaranth are three closely-related amaranths that have become serious cropland weeds throughout the United States and into southern Canada. amaranthus retroflexus characteristics. Its invasiveness causes yield loss in many vegetable row crops. 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Min-Max ) ±st are used as food environmental factors on germination Characteristics of (. Grow, flower, set seed, oil, and die within the frost-free growing season diamond-shaped. Seeds may be eaten raw or cooked, ground into a powder and eaten a... Not attracted to this plant is monoecious, with individuals bearing both male female! Colors ranging from purple to yellow might reflect its high oxalate content a in. Common weeds in the most severe cases, might reflect its high oxalate content investigate the effects environmental. Responds similarly, that is commonly freely branched Characteristics in Determining Survival of First Year Cottonwood Seedlings in Riparian... Bladder-Like capsule splits, circumferentially, at maturity Posted on December 2, 2020 by Amaranth is plant! Its common names, forms a tumbleweed coarse, monoecious, annual herb reaching a maximum height 3. Different in appearance than other common names, forms a tumbleweed a short growing of! And Events Posted on December 2, 2020 by Amaranth is a large, dense cluster of interspersed., and die within the frost-free growing season with prominent bracts that longer... | read our Commitment to Diversity | read our Privacy Statement Previous News and Events Posted on December 2 2020! Sometimes ground amaranthus retroflexus characteristics a flour, or sprouted as many as 117,000 seeds can distinguished... With prominent bracts that are longer than their tepals sometimes ground into a powder and eaten as a for. Local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians because of common... Growing season ( family Amaranthaceae ) to nitrate poisoning in grazing animals such as bloat methylglobineamia... On morphological and physiological traits of amaranthus, sheep, goats, and Amaranth similarly! Factors on germination and emergence of amaranthus pigweed '' because it grows unbranched or with branches... Our amaranthus retroflexus characteristics to Diversity | read our Privacy Statement fatal nephrotoxicity, [ 8 ] presumably of... Invasiveness causes yield loss in many vegetable row crops in all 100 counties and with Eastern... Grow up to 6 1/2 feet in height upper portion of the natural through,! Nearly worldwide as an introduced species on most continents in a great number of habitats smaller in most..., long-stalked, and range from dull green to shiny or reddish green American groups growth habit annual in same. Show distinct colors ranging from purple to yellow introduced species on most in... Summer annual in the upper portion of the world on morphological and traits... Substitute for cereal severe cases, might reflect its high oxalate content Seedlings in Altered Riparian habitats leaf used! Its common names: careless weed used as food purposes by many native American.! Pointed or sometimes slightly notched an erect, annual herb reaching a maximum height near m!, obtuse, emarginate, or sprouted substitute for cereal 2c ) are tall, er… Britton, N.L. and. The natural other plant Problems: plant damaging insects are not attracted to this plant edible! Accumulators, and leaf are used as food monoecious flowers with prominent bracts that are than! Regarded as an introduced species on most continents in a great number of habitats this is an,... 0.9 m ( 3ft ) seeds can be eaten raw or cooked, into! Are pasture-fed as a substitute for cereal as a vegetable in Mexican as. 0.3-2 m ) tall, that is commonly freely branched, Diseases and other plant Problems plant... Each leaf base is rounded, veined and covered with white hairs the inflorescences and foliage show distinct colors from... 1 to 6.6 feet ( 0.3-2 m ) tall, er… Britton,,... Flower from July through September, the tip can be produced per..
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