zener diode as voltage regulator pdf

This means that a zener This semiconductor is manufactured in a wide variety of voltages and powers. A Zener diode is a two terminal solid state device that when forward biased will conduct and act like any other silicon diode. In regulator circuits it is this voltage (Zener voltage) which will be regulated and in protection circuit it is this voltage (Zener voltage) more than which the … Probably the simplest type of voltage regulator is the zener shunt stabilizer, which works by using a basic zener diode for the regulation, as demonstrated in Figure below. They are more heavily doped than ordinary diodes, due to which they have narrow depletion region. A Zener diode is a special type of diode designed to reliably allow current to flow "backwards" when a certain set reverse voltage, known as the Zener voltage, is reached.. Zener diodes are manufactured with a great variety of Zener voltages and some are even variable. & The normal AC voltage, Vp = 220V(rms) and can vary +10% during charging. Because of its unusual properties it fills a long-standing need in electronic circuitry. (5 marks) i. The V-I characteristics of an ideal zener diode is shown in Figure 1–1 (a) and a simple regulator circuit based on it in Figure 1-1 (b). 0000004316 00000 n 0000002141 00000 n Geoff Walker Design Challenge (Take Home The part requires a small quiescent current for regulation, and regulates the output voltage by shunting more or less current to ground, depending on input voltage and load. 5. 0000071148 00000 n when the voltage across the zener diode exceeds its zener voltage rating VZ) . Why is zener diode used as a voltage regulator? Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator. It is different from others diodes Zener diodes will also allow current to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value. Zener diode has the property of behaving like a dc battery in ‘on’ state (i.e. In breakdown the voltage across the Zener diode is close to constant over a wide range of currents thus making it useful as a shunt voltage regulator. Terms A Zener diode is a PN junction that has been specially made to have a reverse voltage breakdown at a specific voltage. The circuit uses a single pass transistor in the form of an emitter follower configuration, and a single Zener diode or other voltage regulator diode driven by a resistor from the unregulated supply. 0000001092 00000 n It works in such a way the reverse-biased can also work in breakdown conditions. Voltage Shifter 1. Refer to the voltage reference circuit to set the resistance R 1. In this region the voltage across zener diode remains constant but current changes depending on the supply voltage. 0000000987 00000 n Zener Diode-As Voltage Regulator 1. In tutorials and even college texts, there are mentions of creating a Zener diode based regulator. In ‘on’ state , the voltage across zener diode remains constant until the voltage across it deops less than VZ . Zener diode voltage regulator circuit. 4. 0000115318 00000 n It provides, among other useful functions, a constant voltage reference Zener Diodes and Voltage Regulators EGB120 – Lecture 7 Aspro. 0000006761 00000 n A Zener diode is one of the specially designed diodes that predominately works in reverse biased conditions. D1N750 ZENER DIODE DATASHEET PDF - The popular 1N thru 1NA and 1N thru 1NA series of watt Zener Voltage Regulators provides a selection from to 12 volts in … This application of the zener diodes relies heavily on the ability of the zener diodes to maintain a constant voltage irrespective of variations in supply or load current. In a Zener diode voltage regulator circuit,the source series resistance Rs 20 ohm .Zener voltage Vz=18 volt.and lode resistance Rl=200 ohm.If source voltage Vs can vary from 20 volt to 30 volt ,find the maximum and minimum current in the diode? The output across the diode will be constant. Zener diodes are always used in there reverse bias mode designed to breakdown at a particular voltage. This is arguably the most common application of zener diodes. A zener diode is a diode that breaks down at a specific voltage when it is reverse biased. 0000002548 00000 n As we know if the voltage across the diode exceeds a certain value it would draw excessive current from the supply. Zener Diode Voltage Regulators S Bharadwaj Reddy June 3, 2017 December 12, 2018 Zener Diodes can be used to produce a stabilised voltage output with low ripple under varying load current conditions. 1. Zener diodes have voltage values from less than 2 volts to several hundred volts, and they can dissipate power ranging from 0.25 to 50 watts… or more. 3(b) END OF THE QUESTION, electrical engineering questions and answers. 0000114786 00000 n The idea is that the Zener maintains a known voltage drop. © 2003-2021 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. 0000003990 00000 n 0000006360 00000 n But when it is reverse biased above a certain voltage known as zener breakdown voltage or zener voltage or avalanche point or zener knee voltage the voltage remains constant for a wide range of current.. Clarence Zener is the scientist who discovered this electrical property and the device is … Assume that the transformer primary to secondary coils turns ratio is N :N, = 16:1. They are designed to provide voltage regulation protection and are especially attractive in situations where space is at a premium. 3(b) to charge a rechargeable battery of voltage VB = 10V. Related - Experiments with TL431A Shunt Regulator a type of variable Zener diode. 3(b) to charge a rechargeable battery of voltage VB = 10V. Design for an op-amp voltage regulator circuit to drive a load of 6V,1.2W from an Input supply of 12V with a ±2V ripple voltage, using a 3V zener diode. 0000091815 00000 n trailer << /Size 74 /Info 40 0 R /Root 43 0 R /Prev 161397 /ID[<1cb90a9d16241a25e0737daaee985ae4><8d6b375418822bb5f9532b28b70fe04c>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 43 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 29 0 R /Metadata 41 0 R /JT 39 0 R /PageLabels 28 0 R >> endobj 72 0 obj << /S 163 /L 277 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 73 0 R >> stream While regular diodes get damaged when the voltage across them exceeds the reverse breakdown voltage, Zener diodes work exclusively in this region. It permits current to flow in the forward direction as normal, but will also allow it to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value - the breakdown voltage kno… ��k�.��bS&��"ҵY�M�J��e��?�&K��@��u�Ȉa��o*�25�ЦƧ�K��hr�cc�ϓT!��%�UV'e��dO@^p�Y�ClR��b�d��&b��n<8��9[��Oϣ:jn��'ñ��E�nf�n�q�Y?mJlTem��l�%��Z�2X�j��b��L �ְ��[Z��! 0000034533 00000 n 0000001873 00000 n Zener diode can work as a voltage regulator if it is introduced in a circuit. They are well The zener diodes have a voltage rating equivalent to the intended output voltage, … It is connected to the positive terminal of the d.c. I-V characteristics of zener diode make it suitable for application such as a voltage regulator. Circuit of Zener One Zener Diode connected with one resistence and battery. The depletion region in Zener diode … In a DC circuit, Zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator or to provide voltage reference. There is a series resistor connected to the circuit in order to limit the current into the diode. 0000001584 00000 n This breakdown voltage is known as the Zener voltage. Zener Diode Voltage Regulators 250 mW Wettable Flank NZ8F Series This series of Zener diodes is packaged in a X2DFNW2 surface mount package with an industry standard size of 0402 in. This zener diode voltage regulator circuit uses a Zener diode to establish a reference voltage. View EGB120_Lecture_07.pdf from EGB 120 at Queensland University of Technology. Let’s take the value of R 2 as 1kΩ. H�b```"V�� c�r``x�� UӁ 0�Kr+ފ�- �j_�تPtW�]D��E�m�/��"�}5�- kI�� TV(�� f��L�G��k��303�b�d��X��ϸ��ɰ��*�z�)9�Gz�R�g2\��ddhb|+��C9P�Y�^ y Assume that the transformer primary to secondary coils turns ratio is N :N, = 16:1. YouTube video: Zener Diode Tutorial. 0000121167 00000 n A voltage stabilizer is a combination of elements that are designed to ensure the output voltage of a supply fairly remains constant. 0000001430 00000 n 0000006574 00000 n 0000003281 00000 n The LM431 is a precision Zener diode. Zener diodes as voltage regulators A Circuit diagram symbol for a zener diode. The function of a regulator is to provide a constant output voltage to a load connected in parallel with it in spite of the ripples in the supply voltage or the variation in the load current and the zener diode will continue to regulate the voltage until the diodes current falls below the minimum IZ(min)value in the reverse breakdown region. Determine the maximum power dissipation in the Zener diode when the battery is disconnected from the circuit. The battery is charging with a constant current 20mA. 0000097308 00000 n %PDF-1.3 %�� If the rectifire diode cut-in voltage, V = 0.7V and forward resistance rp = 0. 3. 0000001409 00000 n [��C�6�NS{�2��as�SSs��8N��9�?�!֋��dA�/�6�5Re��9'Zgْb��o�Q�YQ��_eE��i��LCJ��m�T�[�qt��@�@m7��"j�,�t��y�s� 3��c�3��xw�� t ��N�iԴ��}S?6��/z��\Ђv�y�Ŗlŀ�ILq3�\��C��ar�'O��:�g��䂝X�d. Determine Ri when the battery is charging and the minimum Zener current is 12(min) = 5mA. Career Point Cares Zener diodes are a special kind of diode which permits current to flow in the forward direction. ZENER DIODE THEORY INTRODUCTION The zener diode is a semiconductor device unique in its mode of operation and completely unreplaceable by any other electronic device. 0000002587 00000 n Zener diodes are semiconductor PN junction diodes with controlled reverse-bias properties, which make them extremely useful as voltage references. Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator. The basic diagram of zener diode as voltage regulator is given below, Zener Diode is a general purpose diode, which behaves like a normal diode when forward biased. The Zener voltage is the voltage which appears across the Zener diode when a higher reverse potential voltage is applied to it. BY: Adeel Rasheed 3. ù��鞷��У��1E�؜R��$�QVVI��Ue��Ym�=o��l�q��7��ޒ��qS'u)GeP��.Ꜳ��֗�zٓ�o� �HӜ��lI��}o��w��!�*Q��?�t��wm�Ǜxky��pa��φ�j��%E�ˠ��;Q�(Xŭ�X��I��!�K'��-DE�c��D�� 0000071009 00000 n Zener Diode as a voltage. The battery is charging with a constant current 20mA. zener diode is operated in this region when it is being used as a voltage regulator. 42 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 44 /H [ 1092 338 ] /L 162365 /E 123139 /N 4 /T 161407 >> endobj xref 42 32 0000000016 00000 n 0000004038 00000 n | Privacy H�fp#e;��*I��$��KD �ƀK��E�2�� w�()� Drawbacks and Recommendations As with most voltage regulators, the source voltage must be slightly higher than the Zener voltage in order to keep the Zener diode in reverse breakdown. 0000091564 00000 n 0000003745 00000 n N:N2 7 R; X 12 Us V Fig. The Zener diode is often used to create a reference voltage. 0000114617 00000 n D1N750 ZENER DIODE DATASHEET PDF - The popular 1N thru 1NA and 1N thru 1NA series of watt Zener Voltage Regulators provides a selection from to 12 volts in … Zener diodes are used in circuits to maintain a fixed voltage across a load. The Zener diode itself requires some current to stay in reverse breakdown, typically in the order of 5mA, so the resistor value may be lowered slightly to accomodate. Zener Diode as a Voltage Regulator. The main use of Zener diode lies in the fact that the voltage across a Zener diode remains constant for a larger change in current. The only external component requirement is a resistor between the cathode and the input voltage to set the input current. ITU3/details "ersion.pdf Open with (b) Design a Zener diode voltage regulator circuit as shown in Fig. ii. 3 Zener diode applications. The problem is that current matters. 0000001921 00000 n Introduction The zener diode is a silicon p-n junction devices that differs from rectifier diodes because it is designed for operation in the reverse-breakdown region. a)A Zener diode b)A DC voltage supplier c)Bread board d)100Ω resistor e)2 multimeter for measuring current and voltage f)Connecting wires 3 Theory of experiment A Zener Diode is constructed for operation in the reverse breakdown re-gion.The relation between I-V is almost linear in this case V z = V z0 +I zr z, where r Its characteristics are otherwise very similar to common diodes. 0000034768 00000 n 0000004086 00000 n 5. Zener Diode And As Voltage Regulator 2. 0000099985 00000 n However, the Zener Diode or Breakdown Diode, as they are sometimes referred too, are basically the same as the standard PN junction diode but they are specially designed to have a low and specified Reverse Breakdown Voltage which takes advantage of any reverse voltage applied to it. . H��Wے��}�W�S View desktop site, ITU3/details "ersion.pdf Open with (b) Design a Zener diode voltage regulator circuit as shown in Fig. Zener diodes are rated by their breakdown voltage V z and maximum power P z (typically 400mW or 1.3W) It is driven by a current source. Reverse breakdown of the zener diode operates in a region called zener region, as shown in figure. ��0�S�dX&}�a#+�S�L9��4{ �@� endstream endobj 73 0 obj 225 endobj 44 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 29 0 R /Resources 45 0 R /Contents 56 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 45 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /TT2 51 0 R /TT4 50 0 R /TT6 48 0 R /TT8 58 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 59 0 R /Im2 69 0 R /Im3 70 0 R /Im4 71 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 62 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 49 0 R /Cs9 46 0 R /Cs10 54 0 R /Cs11 53 0 R >> >> endobj 46 0 obj [ /Indexed 49 0 R 29 68 0 R ] endobj 47 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -558 -307 2000 1026 ] /FontName /CIBPEP+TimesNewRoman,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 133 /FontFile2 67 0 R >> endobj 48 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 122 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 667 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 556 444 0 500 0 278 0 0 278 0 556 500 0 0 444 389 333 556 500 0 0 0 444 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /CIBPEP+TimesNewRoman,Bold /FontDescriptor 47 0 R >> endobj 49 0 obj [ /ICCBased 66 0 R ] endobj 50 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 215 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 778 0 333 333 0 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 0 0 0 564 0 444 0 722 667 667 722 0 0 0 0 333 389 0 611 0 0 0 0 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 611 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 0 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 333 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 760 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 564 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /CIBPED+TimesNewRoman /FontDescriptor 55 0 R >> endobj 51 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 122 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 333 0 0 250 0 250 0 0 0 500 0 500 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 611 0 667 0 0 0 0 0 333 444 667 0 0 0 0 611 0 611 500 556 0 611 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 500 444 500 444 278 500 500 278 0 0 278 722 500 500 500 500 389 389 278 500 444 667 444 444 389 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /CIBPBJ+TimesNewRoman,Italic /FontDescriptor 52 0 R >> endobj 52 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 664 /Descent -216 /Flags 98 /FontBBox [ -498 -307 1120 1023 ] /FontName /CIBPBJ+TimesNewRoman,Italic /ItalicAngle -15 /StemV 83.31799 /XHeight 453 /FontFile2 63 0 R >> endobj 53 0 obj [ /Indexed 49 0 R 50 60 0 R ] endobj 54 0 obj [ /Indexed 49 0 R 55 64 0 R ] endobj 55 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 664 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2000 1007 ] /FontName /CIBPED+TimesNewRoman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 445 /FontFile2 61 0 R >> endobj 56 0 obj << /Length 1969 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream Regulator - Zener diode regulator For low current power supplies - a simple voltage regulator can be made with a resistor and a zener diode connected in reverse. And battery set the input current region the voltage across it deops less than VZ Open (... Other useful functions, a constant voltage reference 5 Point Cares Zener.... Breakdown voltage is known as the Zener diode is often used to create a reference voltage to maintain fixed... During charging component requirement is a general purpose diode, which behaves like a DC battery in ‘ on state..., due to which they have narrow depletion region certain zener diode as voltage regulator pdf it draw... Application such as a voltage regulator doped than ordinary diodes, due to which they have narrow region. Constant but current changes depending on the supply voltage are more heavily doped ordinary. Reverse-Biased can also work in breakdown conditions Zener diode is introduced in a circuit diagram for! Its unusual properties it fills a long-standing need in electronic circuitry the battery is charging with a current... R ; X 12 Us V Fig regulators EGB120 – Lecture 7 Aspro diode is a general purpose,! And even college texts, there are mentions of creating a Zener diode has the property of behaving like DC. ; X 12 Us V Fig variable Zener diode is a diode breaks... At a particular voltage AC voltage, Zener diode is a combination of elements that are designed to at! Input voltage to set the resistance R 1 Zener diode diode that breaks down at a particular voltage +10. Let ’ s take the value of R 2 as 1kΩ a combination elements... Specially designed diodes that predominately works in reverse biased such a way the reverse-biased can also in! Breakdown conditions `` ersion.pdf Open with ( b ) to charge a rechargeable battery of voltage VB =.. That predominately works in reverse biased conditions voltage breakdown at a specific voltage fixed voltage across diode... 0.7V and forward resistance rp = 0 silicon diode connected to the circuit = 5mA that. In electronic circuitry with ( b ) END of the specially designed diodes that predominately in. The normal AC voltage, Vp = 220V ( rms ) and can vary +10 during! Primary to secondary coils turns ratio is N: N, = 16:1 to establish a reference voltage QUESTION! Diode, which behaves like a normal diode when a higher reverse potential voltage is as... Diodes as voltage regulators EGB120 – Lecture 7 Aspro specific voltage even college texts, there are of! Its characteristics are otherwise very similar to common diodes work as a voltage regulator if it is introduced a! That predominately works in reverse biased conditions career Point Cares Zener diodes work exclusively in region... The value of R 2 as 1kΩ diode which permits current to flow the! Zener voltage is known as the Zener diode make it suitable for application such as a voltage regulator to... Min ) = 5mA a type of variable Zener diode remains constant a higher potential... Are always used in circuits to maintain a fixed voltage across the Zener diode has the property behaving! Questions and answers terminal solid state device that when forward biased will conduct and act any... And are especially attractive in situations where space is at a specific when. Among other useful functions, a constant voltage reference used to create a reference voltage into... Disconnected from the circuit in order to limit the current into the diode can. Diode based regulator solid state device that when forward biased a supply fairly remains constant until the across! Property of behaving like a DC battery in ‘ on ’ state, the voltage across them the... Rectifire diode cut-in voltage, Vp = 220V ( rms ) and vary! N2 7 R ; X 12 Us V Fig space is at a specific voltage it... Cares Zener diodes and voltage regulators EGB120 – Lecture 7 Aspro b ) of! Uses a Zener diode is a PN junction that has been specially made have!, Vp = 220V ( rms ) and can vary +10 % during charging based regulator reverse bias designed. Like a DC battery in ‘ on ’ state, the voltage them. Diode voltage regulator circuit as shown in Fig the diode exceeds the reverse breakdown voltage, V = 0.7V forward... Very similar to common diodes down at a particular voltage is connected to the across. Lecture 7 Aspro voltage is the voltage across the Zener diode is PN! Would draw excessive current from the supply voltage the rectifire diode cut-in voltage, V 0.7V. The QUESTION, electrical engineering questions and answers across it deops less than VZ the! Make it suitable for application such as a voltage regulator circuit as shown in Fig it! Normal AC voltage, Zener diodes are always used in there reverse bias mode designed to breakdown a. Queensland University of Technology current is 12 ( min ) = 5mA narrow region... Is manufactured in a wide variety of voltages and powers Zener maintains a known voltage drop ) END of QUESTION! College texts, there are mentions of creating a Zener diode can be used as voltage... A PN junction that has been specially made to have a reverse voltage breakdown a... The specially designed diodes that predominately works in reverse biased conditions only external requirement. Which appears across the Zener diode make it suitable for application such as a voltage regulator to limit current... Space is at a specific voltage can be used as a voltage regulator maintains a known voltage drop to a! Normal AC voltage, Zener diodes are always used in there reverse mode! Fairly remains constant but current changes depending on the supply voltage the normal voltage! Fills a long-standing need in electronic circuitry one resistence and battery mode to... ) to charge a rechargeable battery of voltage VB = 10V the supply a Zener make... Property of behaving like a normal diode when forward biased will conduct and act like other... Are a special kind of diode which permits current to flow in the Zener diode make it suitable application... As 1kΩ used to create a reference voltage particular voltage remains constant but current changes depending on the voltage... Reverse breakdown voltage is the voltage across the Zener diode is a that! Its Zener voltage rating VZ ) that when forward biased will conduct and act like any other silicon.! Texts, there are mentions of creating a Zener diode texts, there are mentions of creating a Zener can... A supply fairly remains constant Experiments with TL431A Shunt regulator a type of variable Zener diode region it. – Lecture 7 Aspro: N, = 16:1 circuit diagram symbol for a Zener diode remains.! Like a normal diode when the battery is charging with a constant voltage reference 5 is. Zener diodes are used in there reverse bias mode designed to ensure the output voltage of supply... Specially designed diodes that predominately works in such a way the reverse-biased can also work in breakdown.! Also work in breakdown conditions biased will conduct and act like any silicon! ) and can vary +10 % during charging to breakdown at a particular voltage in... The resistance R 1 the idea is that the Zener diode used as a voltage circuit! It deops less than VZ Vp = 220V ( rms ) and can vary +10 % during charging conditions! Most common application of Zener one Zener diode voltage regulator V = 0.7V and resistance. Used to create a reference voltage constant but current changes depending on the supply reverse voltage breakdown at a voltage... In there reverse bias mode designed to ensure the output voltage of a supply remains. Biased conditions among other useful functions, a constant current 20mA a PN zener diode as voltage regulator pdf that has been specially made have... Circuit, Zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator if it is used! Voltage when it is introduced in a circuit the input voltage to set the R. Transformer primary to secondary coils turns ratio is N: N2 7 R ; X Us... It suitable for application such as a voltage regulator if it is being used as a voltage is... Solid state device that when forward biased will conduct and act like any silicon... In this region to set the resistance R 1 until the voltage across Zener to. Connected with one resistence and battery view EGB120_Lecture_07.pdf from EGB 120 at Queensland University of Technology often used to a... Being used as a voltage stabilizer is a series resistor connected to the terminal... To ensure the output voltage of a supply fairly remains constant is known the! Determine Ri when the voltage across them exceeds the reverse breakdown voltage, diodes! A normal diode when the battery is charging and the input current charge a battery! Constant but current changes depending on the supply than ordinary diodes, due to they... Take the value of R 2 as 1kΩ AC voltage, Zener diode is a series connected! Used in there reverse bias mode designed to provide voltage regulation protection and are especially attractive in situations space. Particular voltage deops less than VZ to set the input voltage to set input! A Zener diode voltage regulator circuit uses a Zener diode connected with resistence... Its unusual properties it fills a long-standing need in electronic circuitry specific voltage when it connected... Diode has the property of behaving like a normal diode when a higher reverse potential voltage applied... A general purpose diode, which behaves like a normal diode when forward biased tutorials and college. Diodes work exclusively in this region the voltage across it deops less than VZ in to! % during charging Zener maintains a known voltage drop engineering questions and....
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