Please note that Ansari House is a home where my wife and I are raising 18 orphans alongside our four biological children. He was known for his commitment to national integration, secularism and communal harmony. The India Forum welcomes your comments on this article for the Forum/Letters section. The party successfully placed Muslim MLAs in five seats where previously a non-Muslim was the incumbent (three from the JDU, one BJP and one independent), and won one constituency from a JDU Muslim MLA. (estimated). Quyamuddin Ansari's educational qualifications are: Post Graduate and is 48 years old. [1] There are many people outside South Asia with the surname Ansari; however, this article is strictly about a Muslim South Asian community. Bihar has the worst doctor-population ratio in the country, with only one doctor serving 28,391 people, and anxieties around the virus played a big part in the debate. Seats where Muslim JDU candidates had won in 2015 thanks to the RJD-JDU alliance now went to the MGB candidates (Sheohar, Sikta, Thakurganj) or the AIMIM (Jokihat, Kochadhaman). and is twelfth largest by territory. Yet the comfortable margins the AIMIM achieved in the five constituencies it won — Amour, Kochadhaman, Jokihat, Baisi and Bahadurgunj — could hardly have been possible without candidates with political experience. Invoking the heritage of Abdul Qayyum Ansari, the Ansari Mahapanchayat (AMP) was founded by a young Jamia Millia Islamia graduate from Gaya, Waseem Nayyar Ansari. In Wazirabad Toor is also a sub cast of Ansari. However, as much as it wants to claim representation for all Muslims, in Bihar the AIMIM is responsible for the victory of only five out of a total of 19 Muslims who were elected to the assembly (down from 24 in 2015). Last Updated: 18th November, 2020 15:26 IST Congress Stalwarts Lash Out; Furqan Ansari Says People Couldn't Comprehend Rahul Gandhi In another major setback for the Congress, senior leader Furqan Ansari blamed Rahul Gandhi for the party’s downfall in the recently concluded Bihar elections Thus, the local standing of candidates was crucial for the AIMIM’s victories in Bihar — combined with the popularity of Asaduddin Owaisi and Akhtarul Iman, and, in some places, a subtle balance between local dominant communities. Voting for the first phase of the assembly election in Bihar took place on October 28 with a voting population of nearly 11.5 million in 71 constituencies across 16 districts. Total population of rural areas of Bihar state was 92,341,436. One observation may seem to indicate so: in the 32 constituencies where Muslims form at least 30% of the population, the BJP increased its MLA representation from seven in 2015 to 12 in 2020, winning five new constituencies. Padmanabham, G. Krishnan & M. Azeez Mohideen (eds). The money you spend at Ansari … For instance, in the former RJD constituency of Jale, the Congress fielded Mashkoor Ahmad Usmani, a former president of the AMU student’ union. The former MP said that the Congress scion had kept mostly MBA graduates to work in his office and act as his advisors, who have failed to give proper advice to him. In the minority context, the need to vote for a winning candidate against the NDA trumps any possible biradari affinity among Muslims. Muslim identity politics: How does Pasmanda mobilization translate in electoral terms? In the final outcome of the Bihar assembly elections, what drew attention to some of the successful Muslim candidates was the fact that the All India Muslim Ittehad-ul Muslimeen (AIMIM) won five seats in the north-eastern Seemanchal region, where Muslims form about half of the population (from 77.5% in Jokihat to 38% in Araria). The more elaborate construction of the ‘vote katwa’ (vote cutting) or ‘BJP ki B team’ (BJP’s B team) allegation targets Owaisi’s rhetoric of Muslim politics and questions his commitment to secularism and democracy. In spite of the AIMIM’s past and the occasional radical actions of some of its members (Akbaruddin Owaisi’s Karimnagar speech of 2013 or the agitation against Taslima Nasreen in 2007), the party’s popularity and electoral successes in recent years do not rest on a radical discourse but operate within the framework of electoral democracy. It has an area of 94,163 sq. Bihar with a total population 128 million people is the most densely populated state among all states forming Eastern India. The community is endogamous, and marry within a close kin group. If the 2020 Bihar election did about bring some changes to minority politics, other long-standing trends are still at work in the shaping of state-level politics. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, many members of the Momin Ansari community migrated to Pakistan and settled mainly in the Sindh province. The Ansari of Rajasthan claim that they were once warriors, who, after a defeat, took to the occupation of weaving. Many Momin are now successful entrepreneurs and professionals such as teachers, engineers and doctors. The Congress still seeks to co-opt Muslim elites. These have all but disappeared. They are found mainly in the districts of Pune, Nasik, Ahmednagar, Aurangabad, Jalna, Osmanabad, Dhule, Nagpur, Thane, Kolhapur, Raigarh, parbhani and Nanded. Initially claiming to be entirely non-partisan and working exclusively as a lobby for the presence of Ansaris and Pasmanda Muslims, the AMP took a political stand when it opposed the CAA-NRC and joined the Bihar Bandh on 15 December 2019. When looking at Muslim political participation in Bihar, one of the interesting characteristics of the state is that it includes both Muslim minority and majority (or near-majority) areas. The Momin Ansari (Urdu: مومن أنصاري‎) or saudagar are a Muslim community found mainly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. This is especially the case in the towns of Jamnagar and Dhoraji, which each have traditional quarters inhabited by the Ansaris. The Seeemanchal region of Bihar, which comprises Purnia, Katihar, Kishanganj and Araria districts, accounting for 24 assembly seats, holds the key to power, say Bihar watchers. The population of the Bihar … The traditional occupation of the Ansari is still textile work. In spite of recent mobilizations, Pasmanda politics has not been able to make a dent in electoral dynamics but can be a good way for someone with political ambitions to enter the political arena. Usmani got more than 65,000 votes (38%) but could not defeat the BJP candidate. While both claimed to represent the Pasmanda — marginalized caste-groups within Muslims — this bifurcation indicates an internal power imbalance: between the numerically larger and politically active Ansaris and the multiple other smaller biradaris (caste groups) who have been side-lined within Pasmanda movements. Out of three Ansari candidates picked by the large parties (Anjum Ara of the JDU in Dumraon, Qayamuddin Ansarin of the CPI (ML) in Arrah, and Javed Iqbal Ansari of the RJD in Banka), none managed to emerge victorious. In other words, the fact that the AIMIM contested these seats did not siphon off enough votes from the MGB to be responsible for its defeat. More recently, it is also in Bihar that such mobilization significantly re-emerged in a new form. The Ansari have no traditional clan association, but are members of the All India Momin Conference. But many Shaikh Ansari have also diversified, and now own hotels and bakeries. However, the question of polarization deserves more discussion. The Momin Ansari is mainly settled in Karachi and Hyderabad cities of the Sindh province. Congress veteran Furkan Ansari blames Rahul Gandhi for fiasco in Bihar polls Divy Khare / TNN / Updated: Nov 18, 2020, 08:50 IST Facebook Twitter Linkedin EMail They play active roles in all walks of life in Bihar. The AIMIM’s push on the basis of a rhetoric of Muslim politics is significant but does not tell the whole story. Population, decadal growth rate and net change of Bihar from 1901 to 2011. This article offers a typology of the forms of political dynamics among Muslims in Bihar — the basic idea being that Muslim political dynamics are different in minority and majority areas. Love Taboos: Controlling Hindu-Muslim Romances. The AMP fielded five Ansari candidates in the elections, who received between 1,000 and 3,500 votes. The current literacy rate of BIHAR is about 63.82 % as per 2011 calculation. BIHAR - District, Village, Pincode There are total 38 districts under BIHAR state. The RJD’s Muslim-Yadav equation is still efficient. In minority areas, even if the AIMIM’s popularity may help its losing candidates stand a few percentage points ahead of the rest — as in Sikta, where the AIMIM candidate won 5% of the votes — its rhetoric cannot place the party in the winning position. Nonetheless, Pasmanda politics has not so far proved itself to be an electoral force. In the mid-1990s, Ali Anwar launched the Pasmanda Muslim Mahaz, and Ejaz Ali established the Backward Muslim Morcha. The AMP argues for self-representation in proportion to their population share, as indicated by the slogans “ apni qayadat, apni siyasat” (our leadership, our politics), “ jiski jitni abadi, utni hissedari ” (participation proportional to our population). Bihar stands out as a bastion of caste-based mobilization by marginalized Muslim groups. The AMP launched a ground-level campaign to build a base in central and western Bihar which led to a large gathering in Patna in December 2019, attended by about 3,000-4,000 people and by prominent figures of Pasmanda politics, such as Ali Anwar and Dr. Ayyub, the head of the Peace Party. District wise population of Bihar. They are also known as Deswali Shaikh, and speak the Madri dialect, which is a mixture of Urdu and Hindi. The Ansari are an Urdu-speaking community, although the Ansari clan of Gujarat have Gujarati as their mother tongue. In Jokihat, the contest was a family affair. The Ansaris do not have any traditional social councils, but have an India-wide community organization, the All India Momin Conference. The percentage of male population is 52.14% The percentage of female population is 47.86% Males: 54278157. They are dependent on the support of larger political organizations to enter the electoral contest, but are often too weak to weigh in on major parties’ arbitrations. Now, the number of nagar nigams is set to be 17, with 74 nagar parishads and 191 nagar panchayats. They are among the more successful Muslim communities in the state, having made the transition from their traditional occupation to becoming successful businessmen. Their primary language is Urdu. The Ansari community, Wasim Ansari of the Mahapanchayat says, comprises 11% of the total 17% Muslim population in Bihar, but lacks political representation. Join Facebook to connect with Qyam Ansari Bihar and others you may know. The allegation, however, does not hold upon closer analysis. The AIMIM’s winning candidates hail from the numerically dominant community of their respective constituencies: Surjapuri Shaikh for Akhtarul Iman, Anzar Naeemi, and Izhar Asfi in Kishanganj and Purnia districts, and Kulhaiya for Shahnawaz Alam in Araria district. This leads to two distinct political dynamics. The Momin are Sunni, and are a fairly orthodox community. The winner in Bahadurganj, Anzar Naeemi, had been candidate on a RJD ticket in 2010 and joined the AIMIM only in August 2020. Textile working was the traditional occupation of the Ansari, and at present those in Ahmadabad still engage in this activity. Females: 49821295. Google Map of Bihar. B. V. Bhanu, B. R. Bhatnagar, D. K. Bose, V. S. Kulkarni and J. Sreenath (editors), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Momin_Ansari&oldid=990343528, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 November 2020, at 02:23. The literal meaning of Ansar is "supporter". Khera spoke of a “mutually reinforced radicalization” that makes Owaisi a “partner with right-wing radicalization”. The AIMIM’s and Asaduddin Owaisi’s politics fall into this category. The lack of political representation of the marginalized among the Muslims persists in spite of the creation in 2019 of a new organization that aimed to solve this issue. The AMP hoped to be able to negotiate for as many as 30 or 40 tickets, but its discussion with Congress and RJD fell short of its expectations. The role of ‘kingmaker’ that some analysts expected the party to play did not materialize — the AIMIM’s five seats were not enough to help the Mahagathbandhan (MGB) form a majority, were it indeed to join the alliance. They are split into two groupings, the giyara gaonwala and the bais goanwala. Period of Fast Growth (1951-2001) The region of South Bihar recorded fast growth of population from 1951 to 2001, little less than three time from 29.0 million to 82.9 million. Copyright © 2021 The India Forum. The Momin of Maharashtra are also known as Ansari or saudagar By population, it is the third-largest state in India. This shows that in most of Bihar, where on average Muslims make up about 17% of the population, candidates are unlikely to be elected with a rhetoric of ‘Muslim politics’, because they need to appeal to non-Muslim voters as well. On the night of the election results, Congress spokesperson Pawan Khera held that Owaisi’s politics spark radicalization among Muslim youth by seeking to counter the BJP’s radical discourse. Write to editor@theindiaforum.in. The Momin Conference was founded in Bihar, and the Bihar Ansaris have played a key role in the organization.[3]. The level of literacy is steadily increasing, and many Ansari are now graduates. Their traditional occupation was textile work, and many Momin have set up handlooms. Yet, even if a consolidation of the Hindu vote could be ascertained, the causality with the AIMIM’s politics remains unclear, as the BJP has gained new seats in area with little Muslim population as well. The volume provides a complex portrait of the chieftains of Bihar and their relationship with the Mughal Empire as well as their role in the consolidation and expansion of the Mughal Empire in India. The Ansaris are Muslims of the Sunni sect. The region, which is also considered the most backward in Bihar, has a 47% Muslim population as against Bihar’s state-wide average of 17%. Yet, its candidates were often directly pitted against the BJP rather than the smaller parties, in part explaining its low strike rate. Before this cabinet decision was taken, Bihar had 12 nagar nigams with population of over two lakh, 42 nagar parishads with population of 40,000 to two lakh, and 88 nagar panchayats. And in Kochadhaman, the winner, Muhammad Izhar Asfi, had been a panchayat mukhiya (head) and an old associate of Akhtarul Iman. The main organizer of the AIMIM in Bihar, Akhtarul Iman — who won in Amour with a margin of 52,000 votes — had been a Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) MLA between 2005 and 2014. In that city, the Ansari are said to make up a third of the city's population. The AMP’s message is clear and simple: Ansaris represent 11% of Bihar’s population but there is neither an MLA nor an MP from the community. The JDU’s five Muslim MLAs in the previous assembly who contested this election also lost. The Shaikh Ansari are divided into four endogamous groups, the Bijnor Ansari, originating from the city of Bijnor in Uttar Pradesh; the Ganga Parvala, originating from the village of Gomtipur and its surroundings in Uttar Pradesh; the Delhiwala, originally from Delhi; and the Pratapgarh Ansari originating from the city of Pratapgarh and surrounding areas in eastern Uttar Pradesh. There are total of 54278157 male persons and 49821295 females and a total number of children below 6 years in Bihar. This organization acts as a welfare organization, as well as lobbying on behalf of the community.[6]:1473–1478. Their socio-economic condition has constantly improved. They speak the Sadri dialect, which is distinctive to the community, although most have knowledge of Urdu. Historically, each of the four sub-divisions would have had their own informal clan association, headed by a chaudhary. Not only is there a continued over-representation of Ashraf among Muslim candidates and elected MLAs (16 Ashraf against 3 Pasmanda this year), there are also very few biradaris represented of the total number of caste groups. The BIHAR state is spread in about nearly 94,163 km area. Agariya -do- They are split into two … According to the reports, Ansari, a former MP and a prominent Muslim leader in Jharkhand, had questioned about the manner in which Rahul Gandhi did campaigning in Bihar during the assembly elections. This points to the fact that Muslim voters identified the JDU not so much as a Bihar-based party that is able to deliver on governance, but as an alliance breaker and an ally of the BJP. The party’s anti-BJP rhetoric that invoked the charged atmosphere of the anti-Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA) protests fostered wide popularity among Muslim youth. Bihari Muslims are people originating and tracing descent from the Indian state of Bihar who practice the religion of Islam.. Asfi also happened to unseat his own son-in-law, four-time Congress MLA Tausif Alam. : 459–462. Our typology of political dynamics among Muslims is incomplete without mention of caste-based or identity politics. The community are found throughout India, but Varanasi District, in Uttar Pradesh, is always regarded by most Momin as the centre of their community. DEMOGRAPHY OF BIHAR: The literacy rate is 63.8%. The Momin of Maharashtra are also known as Ansari or saudagar They are descended from immigrants from North India. The Ansari-Momin of India, numbering 290,000, are Engaged yet Unreached. Their relationship with the Sadh community is of some importance, as they supply the Momins with the cotton cloth used for printing.[2]:985. As a result, the ruling coalition does not count a single Muslim MLA in its ranks. Ansari named Bihar screening committee chairman Avinash Pande, Bihar in-charge Shaktisinh Gohil and special poll emissary Randeep Surjewala for the election “mess”. Like other Ansari communities, the Momin are members of the All-India Momin Conference, one of the oldest Muslim organizations in India. population of the state increased by 9.74% in the following decades of 1931-41 and 1941-51 also population increased by only 12.22% and 10.58% respectively. The title of 'Wazir Khan' by which he is remembered by posterity was granted him by Shah Jahan, and literally means a 'Wazir', or Vizier, a 'Minister/High Court Official'. Like other Ansaris, they were historically into the textile work, although most of them are medium- and small-scale farmers. Muslim politics and the 2020 Bihar Election, subtle balance between local dominant communities, Muslim (majority) politics: The AIMIM’s foray in Seemanchal. Yet this accusation confusingly blends two processes: radicalization and polarization. Bihar Population by Sex. Ansari: People Name in Country: Ansari: Pronunciation: ahn-SAH-ree: Population this Country: 10,555,000 Population all Countries: 16,505,000: Total Countries: 6: Indigenous: Yes: Progress Scale: 1 Unreached: Yes: Frontier People Group: Yes GSEC: 3 (per PeopleGroups.org) … BJP slams Congress for fielding AMU ex-student president in Bihar, calls him ‘Jinnah supporter’ Former AMU students union president Maskoor Usmani, fielded from Jale, is one of Congress' 12 Muslim candidates in Bihar. The Congress seemed to pursue its long-term association with Muslim elites, by picking candidates who tend to be Ashraf, well-educated, with links with educational centres such as Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) or Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi. Muslim minority politics: What worked for other winning Muslim candidates? Many Ahmadabad Ansari are now power loom owners. They are one of the larger Muslim communities in Rajasthan, and re found in the districts of Tonk, Jaipur and Sawai Madhopur. As the political campaign picked up momentum ahead of the 2020 Bihar elections, Pasmanda activists published online lists of the Muslim candidates that indicated their biradari. In spite of the AIMIM’s past and the occasional radical actions of some of its members … the party’s popularity and electoral successes in recent years do not rest on a radical discourse but operate within the framework of electoral democracy. This shows the limits of such caste-based organizations. The JDU’s Muslim candidates, whether in Seemanchal (Araria, Thakurganj, Kochadhaman, and Amour) or elsewhere (such as Sikta, Dharbhanga rural, and Marhaura, or Mahua), all came second or third. The Artisans of Benaras Popular Culture and Identity, 1880h-1986 Orient Longman, People of India Bihar Volume XVI Part One edited by S Gopal & Hetukar Jha pages 70 to 74 Seagull Books. The community speak Urdu, but the Momin are bilingual, speaking Marathi as well. However, the AIMIM’s MLAs represent less than a third of the 19 Muslims who were elected to the assembly this year. The AIMIM had to appeal to Seemanchal’s two largest social groups among Muslims. The anti-NDA stance of Muslim voters also shows in the fact that the Lok Janshakti Party (LJP), which tried to project itself as an ally of the BJP and an opponent of the JDU, could not get any of its seven Muslim candidates elected. Pasmanda politics has not so far proved itself to be an electoral force…the need to vote for a winning candidate against the NDA trumps any possible biradari affinity among Muslims. The Surjapuris — considered to be Shaikh and therefore part of the dominant Ashraf cluster — are in large numbers in Kishanganj district, while the marginalized Kulhaiya — who were included in the category of Extremely Backward Classes created by Nitish Kumar’s government in 2005 — constitute a significant group in Araria district. They are active in politics. Those Momin who have set up powerlooms tend to be more successful. While three sitting RJD Muslim MLAs were defeated in their own constituencies, the party incurred the loss of an important figure, Abdul Bari Siddiqui, and could not successfully fill the void left by the death of its four-time MLA Abdul Ghafoor. In fact, the AMP leadership split at that point, with a section accepting the JDU’s promise of Legislative Council seats while Ali Anwar and his Pasmanda Muslim Mahaz expressed support for MGB. Many of them are engaged in zari work, which involves sari embroidery. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. The AMP argues for self-representation in proportion to their population share, as indicated by the slogans “apni qayadat, apni siyasat” (our leadership, our politics), “jiski jitni abadi, utni hissedari” (participation proportional to our population). One might indeed wonder whether the AIMIM’s Muslim politics pushed Hindu voters towards the NDA in the 20 constituencies where the AIMIM was contesting. Besides, couldn’t this polarization be the result of the long-term political work of other parties and candidates, whether in the NDA or the MGB? They have always been connected with the textile work. They speak Gujarati with substantial Urdu loanwords. They were the first tribe in Arabia to accept Islam. Population in Bihar is more than eighty two millions. Syed Shahabuddin, the editor of Muslim India and a prominent voice on ‘Muslim issues’ — from the Shah Bano case to the destruction of the Babri Masjid — had for instance won the Lok Sabha seat of Kishanganj in 1991. The surname originated from Ansar tribe, The Medinan People who helped the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, in his migration from Mecca to Medina. Finally, the AIMIM’s fifth MLA, in Baisi, is a Sayyid — the highest social group among Muslims that claims descent from Prophet Muhammad — whose family has long been integrated with the Surjapuri environment. & Date 1. In actual numbers, males and females were 48,073,850 and 44,267,586 respectively. It is also the World’s third most populous sub-national entity. Many Momin are employed by other Momin in these powerlooms; this is especially the case in the towns of Bhiwandi, Malegaon and Nagpur. Qyam Ansari Bihar is on Facebook. Lal, P.B.S.V. In spite of this poor performance, one might argue that being able to enter an alliance with a well-known personality, field several candidates from the community, and gain the following of several thousand people, was quite a step for a new initiative. Yet, interestingly, only two of the RJD’s eight Muslim MLAs elected in 2020 are incumbents, which means that the party also lost many constituencies with an incumbent Muslim MLA: eight such seats went to the NDA. While they may offer a way of creating a political base for a leader, they are undermined by individual opportunity seekers. The Congress had fielded 12 Muslims among its 70 candidates, a higher proportion than other parties. The Ansaris of North India are mainly a landlord community, but some are small- and medium-scale farmers. Quite a few are now involved in tailoring and the manufacture of bidis, a local cigarette. Finally, the overarching voting trend among Muslim voters, whether in majority or minority contexts, or among marginalized Muslim communities, remains a strong will to defeat the candidates of the BJP and its allies. Zainul Ansari, a robust man in his eighties, ... For the large Muslim population in Bihar today, an environment of fear, hate and stigma has been manufactured by the current coalition government. The AMP’s message is clear and simple: Ansaris represent 11% of Bihar’s population but there is neither an MLA nor an MP from the community. In terms of males, the literacy rate is 73% and 54% for females, recording a growth of 20% in female education over the time of 10 years. This shows that there is more to Muslim political participation in Bihar than the AIMIM’s breakthrough. Important Ansari neighbourhoods in the city include Madanpura, Adampura and Jaitpura. 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