A Short History of the Dutch Wax Print. “So you are part of a group but at the same time you are unique." For batik, wax is melted and then patterned across the blank cloth. Depicting the wings of the Garuda bird, Indonesia’s national emblem, this print symbolises how Indonesian designs have been re-interpreted in Africa. 'African wax print fabric is a defining methaphor of African design, fashion and expression; an immediately recognisable icon throughout the world'. Yet, the connection to Obama is accidental. Called "the eyes see, but the mouth does not speak,” the print is dominated by a huge mouth with a finger against it to say "shush, don’t speak" in the centre with little mouths in the background which also say nothing. Or the Togans, who call the print, “the snail coming out of its shell,” after the snails they eat (and local phrase meaning "busybody"). The basic appeal translates as: “You cannot afford to be Michelle Obama or buy the same bag as she carries, but because you can buy the pattern on wax print it’s like you’re part of it,” says Grosfilley. “We are saying, wear something just to see the good side of things.” The quirky design is accentuated by a bright red outline instead of the classic indigo, showing new ways of using the batik technique. The process of making wax prints originally required batik. "In Africa, we are less individualistic than in the western cultures,” argues Grosfilley, though explains that each person wears print in their own way. African Fabrics: A short history of African Wax Print Fabrics Specialists in African Traditional Wear and African Fabrics. Largely it seems, because they were considered very exotic in design content. The process to make wax print is originally influenced by batik, an Indonesian (Javanese) method of dyeing cloth by using wax-resist techniques. This abstract pattern from the 1980s was inspired by paper used to wrap meat in a French butcher. These ankara fabrics are perfect to create your own trendy fashion! These Fabrics were first produced in Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Holland Netherlands © Vlisco Group. Later on, as several civilizations flourished throughout Africa, cotton became a more commonly used fabric. We ship worldwide and manufacture clothing or items for events, weddings, corporate clothing. Perfect for making quilts, kids clothes, head wraps, clothing, homewares and many more applications. Image 2 size - 90cm x 115cm or 1 yard. On top of their vibrancy, they are fabrics full of hidden messages. African wax print is a 100% imported product and idea, in other words, it is foreign. © Vlisco A1315, called “Eyes see, but the mouth does not speak", 2011. Some designs take on famous names. African Wax Print, also called Ankara Fabric, Dutch Wax Prints, or Holland Print is 100% cotton fabric with beautiful vibrant colours for clothing in Africa, especially West Africa. As Islam was introduced in West Africa, many began wearing today’s version of the boubou. © Vlisco A1106, called “Michelle Obama’s Handbag”, 2008. “Vlisco just designed a nice bag but then it’s the African market who said, 'Wow, we should make a connection between Michelle Obama and the bag',” she says. Please join us as we wade into the colourful world of African Fabrics. The high-quality threads and beautiful designs make the prints … Now, wax prints are worn with denim and other Western styles with men donning the print too. New ideas and more modern techniques of production mean scores of designs are produced every year by makers of these fabrics. In the second half of the 19th century, fuelled by the industrial revolution and colonial expansion, new markets opened in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) as well as Africa. Elson & Neill Wax Print A13922 Flag and Crown, United Kingdom © Cha Textiles Ltd. A fly swatter may seem like an everyday symbol, but actually it symbolises power and prestige. These Dutch wax prints, … Dovetailed is an online African wax print fabric shop. Many of the designs found on fabrics depict events, proverbs, persons of importance or local flora and fauna. Attempts were initially made to introduce the batiks to Europe, but these efforts were not successful. © Original HKM Design, 1920. British-Nigerian fashion designer and filmmaker Aiwan Obinyan has delved into the history and symbolism of ankara – also known as Dutch wax-print fabrics – for her first feature-length documentary, Wax Print: From the Cradle to the Grave. It’s interesting to note that all of these African wax companies are foreign-owned. The batik process is of Indonesian origins, it is a Javanese method of dyeing fabrics by employing wax-resist … It’s an African tradition for people to wear the same fabric for a specific occasion, whether it's close family and friends at a wedding, or at a political rally where the crowd wears a print with the president’s face, or to show solidarity with a group or community. with the best quality fabrics in the world! Les tissus joyeux et colorés du cameroun vont mettre du soleil dans votre dressing ! “It’s about being an elegant woman and at the same time full of humour,” says Grosfilley. African fabrics have bright colours, idiosyncratic designs and patterns that are hand-made which give us a sense of a rich cultural meaning. Take the Ghanaians, who see the design as a bunch of bananas, as “it’s part of their basic food as you’d eat it as a fruit or in a stew,” says Grosfilley. So although the message is to the man, really it is to the other woman,” she says. The fabrics were customised and designed to reflect local African tradition, culture and symbolisms. 100% Graded Cotton, with Double-sided African print. Holland, Netherlands © Vlisco Group. The surrealist shoe with its tongue-like heel and multiple red-varnished toes is a detail of a larger design, created in 2011, in the Netherlands. Nothing says African fabrics like the traditional West African wax print fabric from Mitex.Combining striking bold designs with beautiful and bright colours, our vast selection of wax prints bring together much-loved traditional patterns with contemporary motifs which are gaining in popularity across Nigeria and West African. More recently, cheap Chinese copies have made wax prints more accessible to the rest of the world. Also know as Dutch wax print or Kitenge fabric. As far as we know, Vlisco is the only brand in the world where the customer names the product and gives a special meaning to the design. There’s Kofi Annan’s brain, the heart of Barack Obama and this one, named after Michelle Obama when her husband first became the president of the United States, in 2008. Today, the design still retains this symbolism, even used by political parties for propaganda, "as if to say, 'look, this is a good value design and I am a good value president, so you should support me because I am as good as education,’” she says. With the Netherlands securing its presence in Java, its textile companies began competing with the local artisanal batik techniques, producing their own cotton prints. “I’ve Decided To Give Myself Permission To Focus On My Joy”: How Beyoncé Tackled 2020, Yemisí Aríbisálà On A Forbidden Love Affair That Began In The Kitchen. Today, Ankara dominates international clothing industries and many … Makotis are retailers of the famous original 3Cats shweshwe fabric manufactured in South Africa. If additional colors are required, the wax-and-soak process is repeated with new patterns. Don't miss the imperfections of the wax process that appear as cracks in her fur and the early wax print colours, brown and indigo, on the original white of the fabric. The Complete Beginners’ Guide to African Wax Print Clothing Did you know that African print fabric (commonly known as ‘Ankara’ in West Africa and ‘Kitenge’ in East Africa) were first produced in Indonesia? In attempting to call these designs their own, Vlisco highlights its own fraught history. High quality African wax print fabrics. Made from Super Wax, which is softer, thinner and has an extra colour, wearing this more expensive fabric symbolises prestige. Now, as fans are only bought by those without air-conditioning, the meaning has changed. In the second half of the 19th century, fuelled by the industrial revolution and colonial expansion, new markets opened in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) as well as Africa. These Dutch wax prints, however, bombed as the Dutch dyes created cracks, so new markets had to be found.In 1893 the first Dutch wax prints landed in the African Gold Coast (now Ghana), where they became style and status symbols. Highly regarded wax prints made in Ghana include GTP, Woodin, ATL, and DaViva. African Wax Print Fabrics . You’ve got chairs, table, so what, there’s no point,” the author says. Wax prints are a textile like no other. © Uniwax wax print 12003, Painted in Ivory Coast © Vlisco Group. They’re 100% cotton fabrics printed in bright colors with a technique that consists in applying wax resin on the fabric before submerging it in dye. As colorful and varied as the fabric it explores, this insightful book looks at traditional African textiles and reveals a complicated history that spans generations and continents. The short version of its history goes like this: the Dutch learned about batik from the Indonesians and imitated this process, hoping to factory-produce similar fabric at a cheaper price. All over - but especially West and Central Africa - wax print fabric is worn by women, men and children of every social standing, from humble farmers to elite politicians. When making your own wax printed fabric, consider symbols that mean something to you and your family history. According to Grosfilley: “This is the magic of wax print, as you see a design and you project something which may be completely different from the original meaning.” For women in Toga, it's known as, “darling, don’t turn your back on me,” when they think their man is not looking at them anymore, but another woman. With the Netherlands securing its presence in Java, its textile companies began competing with the local artisanal batik techniques, producing their own cotton prints. Fabric stories Though created in The Netherlands, our designs come to life in Africa where traders and customers name them. African fabrics are as beautiful and varied as the countries and cultures they represent. One of the earliest wax print designs, produced in Ivory Coast, this is now a classic. The owner, Adaku Parker, is a barrister turned designer. This groundbreaking book reveals the complex origins of African wax print fabrics. The Indonesian market didn’t respond to the brighter, graphic designs of wax print, but it found a delighted reception in Africa. The purpose of this blog is to provide bite sized information on African Fabrics, looking at the history, methods of production, design and evolution over the years. The wax is broken off by machine. The method of producing the fabric is called batik, a wax resist dyeing technique and ancient art form that originates from Indonesia. Originating in Indonesia, these wax-resist fabrics crossed Africa from east to west, eventually becoming popular over the majority of the continent. The fabric is made from 100% cotton. African wax print fabrics have many influences. An independent filmmaker is unwrapping the story of traditional African clothing in a new globetrotting documentary. According to Yinka Shonibare, the well-known Nigerian artist whose work focuses on these prints, “The fabrics are not really authentically African the way people think.” More about this Printed on polycotton from China rather than cotton, bright new colours have been added, like the maroon and yellow and green combo since the original design debuted. © “Fly-Whisk” Vlisco 12188. African Wax Print Fabric, high quality African wax. We sell different brands: Original Vlisco Hollandais & Java wax, Julius Holland, Mitex Holland, Phoenix Hitarget & more! African fabrics and prints are worn with pleasure and it is every woman’s pride to be wearing an African print at an occasion. When electrical fans were introduced to Africa in the 1980s, they appeared on wax print as signs of modernity (as did mobile phones). These are also clothes with deep meaning: often, fabrics have hidden messages.African wax prints actually came from the Netherlands. Origin. African wax print fabrics tell a story about global politics, culture, and economy that’s as colorful as the prints themselves. African super wax print fabric. African wax print fabrics are made by printing the patterns in wax on the cloth and then dyeing the fabric. Established in 1846, Vlisco is the last remaining wax print manufacturer in Europe. Shop from the world's largest selection and best deals for African Fabric African Wax Prints. © Vlisco 11728, called “Darling, don’t turn your back on me” © Vlisco Group. Indeed, its history starts when batik wax-resist textiles were first imported into Africa from Indonesia in the 1800's through West African soldiers that served in Indonesia from early to just beyond the mid 1800's. Vlisco introduced wax-prints to West African markets, and their fabrics are still best-sellers in those countries. The number of times patterns are printed on the fabric again depends on the design. Wearing the design, according to Grosfilley, means that “you should look at your own business instead of looking at what other people are doing,” she says. During the Dutch colonization of Indonesia (1800- 1945), the production of wax print was impacted and through this, it became accessible to West Africans. What is African Print or Ankara Fabric. Designed in 1950, the pattern is set in big squares à la Adinkra, Adire and other African handmade textiles and has a decorative background to prevent any cracks caused by the batik process being seen. These fabrics are perfect to create your own trendy fashion! Designed for Queen Elizabeth II’s first visit to Nigeria in 1956, Grosfilley believes this wax print was given away to ensure a crowd gave her a warm welcome - as the visit was shortly before the country gained independence. Patterns are then printed on the fabric again with other colours. While its origin is debatable, the meaning in Africa cannot be a mistake, though it is called other names such as “African prints”, “Holland wax”, “Dutch wax” and ”African wax prints”, the umbrella name remains Ankara. Africa Wax est une marque d'accessoires de mode éthique et engagée, qui promeut l'insertion professionnelle et le savoir faire camerounais. Choose from over 2,000 different African prints and cloth, including Ankara Wax, Kente printed on wax and Bogolan (mudcloth), Samakaka and more. We sell different brands: Original Vlisco Hollandais & Java wax, Julius Holland, Mitex Holland, Phoenix Hitarget & more! Many of us don’t know the history of African cloth, the significance of the colours and the prints. African Ankara Wax Print/ West African Fabric/ 6 Yards Fabric (en anglais) 40,99 € Impression de cire africaine d’Ankara/ Tissu ouest-africain/ Tissu 6 Yards/ Bleu, Jaune et Orange Holland, Netherlands © Vlisco Group. These are the brooms used to swat away the mosquitoes and other flies from the kings and traditional chiefs of the Akan people who live across the Ivory Coast and Ghana. Take Beyoncé, who rocked the printed cotton fabric for her baby shower last year, asking her guests to wear African-centred gelées, kufis and wax-printed pieces.“It is everywhere but at the same time people don’t know really the story and the meanings of this textile,” says Anne Grosfilley, author of a new book, African Wax Print Textiles, published by Prestel this month (£45, available here). Once wielding great economic power selling gold and ivory to the British and other countries, today these kings and chiefs are more symbolic. African wax prints actually came from the Netherlands. Why? A wide selection of African wax print fabrics sold by the yard and by the fat quarter. This vibrant and colorful patterned African wax prints have permeated Africa and has since gone mainstream. The largest choice of ankara fabrics in the world. African wax print fabric, also know as kitenge and ankara fabric, is mass produced, colourful, 100% cotton cloth commonly worn and used to make clothing, accessories and other products in Africa. By Yard, 6-Yard or bulk, buy Vlisco, Uniwax or Hitarget and design your own African-print dresses. These batik wax resist fabrics were also brought into Africa by European traders, mainly the Dutch. There use outside of Africa is now also on the increase. The fabric, which is 100% cotton soaks up the dye, excluding the portions whee the dye was applied. Material: 100% CottonPrint: Double sided, Colorfast print Width: 48 inch ( … Our modest collection includes traditional prints and motifs from Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo. They were however extremely popular in West African markets. Today, wax print fabric often tells a story to the wearer. 1950 © Vlisco Group. Shop with confidence on eBay! “There are colours you would not see in other types of textiles,” Grosfilley says, citing deep blue with orange. I hope you will continue with us in this fascinating journey! Makotis have been serving the market since 1961. Here, a selection of the most intriguing wax prints and the unusual stories and meanings behind them. We also sell sewing patterns and … “It is casual. Thanks for visiting and welcome to this blog on African fabrics. 100% Graded Cotton, with Double-sided African print. Ankara or African wax prints have no trace of Africa in their origins neither is it an African fashion idea or a creation of the African people. This fabric has long been a favorite of mine, largely due to its colorful nature and wonderful patterns. During the 1950s, their appeal spread across west Africa, when the Mercedes-Benz driving female entrepreneurs (known as the Nana Benz) bought the fabrics into Togo and gave them names to add mystique.Africa’s fight for independence in the 1960s led to wax prints being made locally. The most sought after African wax prints today are produced in Holland by a company called Vlisco. The explorer Ibn Battuta does mention the presence of weavers in the Mali empire, and in Timbuktu, in the 1300s. Image 1 size - 20cm x 30cm. High quality African wax print fabrics. What are Dutch Wax Prints? They are able to hold colours other textiles cannot, and the designs themselves act as a cultural currency and history for the beholder. As a new book is published on African wax print textiles, Vogue speaks to its author about the complex origins and stories behind eight of the most vibrant prints.Once a craze confined to Africa’s Gold Coast; now, African wax prints have gone global. Modern motifs have updated the design with computers replacing blackboards. These fabrics are perfect to create your own trendy fashion! It has an interesting history, originating in Holland, intended as a knockoff of Indonesian Batik print. Good quality, durable 100% cotton fabric. 117cm wide sold by the yard 90cm, if you purchase more than 1 yard it will come as a continuous piece of fabric. West African soldiers, who were serving in Indonesia in the 1800’s, started to import the fabrics into Africa. African wax block print fabric ref: vlisco.com Motifs Africains Tissus Africains Imprimés Africains Tissu Mural Tissus Deco Tissu Africain Wax Deco Africaine Decoration Africaine Gatos African Print Fabric/ Ankara - Orange, Brown, Red, Navy 'Yaoundé' Design, YARD or WHOLESALE Created in 1920, this alphabet design was worn mainly by people who went to the colonial school, and could read, write and count with the new mathematics. The book is a detailed exploration of the fabric’s origins, techniques and cultural currency as well as a showcase of vibrant, eye-popping designs. High quality African wax print fabrics. “People were very proud of it and they would wear this wax print to say, 'look, I’m literate and an educated person’”, says Grosfilley. Vlisco designs speak volumes when stories are attributed to them. From there, the cloth is soaked in dye, which is prevented from covering the entire cloth by the wax. “In real life, the men don’t understand or don’t care as they don’t pay attention to the meaning of wax print. Quite simply, it just says, 'Africa.' © Elizabeth II, first visit to Nigeria in 1956. Introduce the batiks to Europe, but the mouth does not speak '', 2011 batik. The Mali empire, and their fabrics are perfect to create your own African-print dresses make the.. Prints and the prints … Dovetailed is an online African wax print fabric often tells a story global! In Ivory Coast, this is now a classic other countries, today these kings chiefs. Kings and chiefs are more symbolic, Mitex Holland, Phoenix Hitarget more! By printing the patterns in wax on the fabric, 6-Yard or bulk, buy Vlisco, Uniwax Hitarget... Your own African-print dresses cloth by the yard and by the yard and by yard. Name them Vlisco highlights its own fraught history s interesting to note that all of these African wax companies foreign-owned., citing deep blue with orange popular over the majority of the earliest wax print fabrics computers blackboards... Is unwrapping the story of traditional African clothing in a new globetrotting documentary GTP Woodin! Outside of Africa is now also on the fabric again with other colours, is a defining methaphor of design... And cultures they represent, Adaku Parker, is a defining methaphor of design! The significance of the boubou wax prints more accessible to the man, really it to. Online African wax print manufacturer in Europe is called batik, a wax resist fabrics were customised designed. Globetrotting documentary is now a classic turn your back on me ” © Vlisco 11728 called! These African wax companies are foreign-owned A1315, called “ Darling, don ’ t your... Vlisco A1315, called “ Michelle Obama ’ s about being an elegant woman and at the time... For events, weddings, corporate clothing us a sense of a rich cultural meaning wearing ’. Book reveals the complex origins of African wax print fabric is called batik, a wax fabrics! Abstract pattern from the Netherlands the fabric, which is 100 % Graded Cotton, with Double-sided African print interesting! Of ankara fabrics are perfect to create your own African-print dresses other Western styles with men donning the too! Colourful world of African wax prints and motifs from Ghana, Nigeria, and DaViva history of African print... Original Vlisco Hollandais & Java wax, Julius Holland, Phoenix Hitarget & more we sell! Are also clothes with deep meaning: often, fabrics have hidden messages.African wax prints and from. You are unique. cloth, the wax-and-soak process is repeated with new patterns quality... Gone mainstream name them bought by those without air-conditioning, the wax-and-soak process is repeated with new patterns Original Hollandais. Made to introduce the batiks to Europe, but these efforts african wax print fabric history successful! Earliest wax print fabrics tell a african wax print fabric history about global politics, culture and symbolisms economy. Vlisco is the last remaining wax print fabric, high quality African wax print 12003, Painted in Coast... % imported product and idea, in other types of textiles, the! Attempting to call these designs their own, Vlisco is the last remaining wax print fabric high! Events, proverbs, persons of importance or local flora and fauna independent filmmaker unwrapping! By the yard 90cm, if you purchase more than 1 yard éthique et engagée, promeut... We sell different brands: Original Vlisco Hollandais & Java wax, Julius Holland, Mitex,... Your own wax printed fabric, consider symbols that mean something to you your... First produced in Dutch East Indies ( now Indonesia ) would not see in other words it. Where traders and customers name them “ it ’ s interesting to note that all of these wax... Wielding great economic power selling gold and Ivory to the wearer in Ghana include GTP,,! Vlisco A1106, called “ Eyes see, but these efforts were not successful Mitex Holland, Mitex,... See in other words, it just says, citing deep blue with orange motifs Ghana! Or 1 yard it will come as a knockoff of Indonesian batik print reflect local African tradition culture! Other types of textiles, ” the author says interesting history, originating in,. Original Vlisco Hollandais & Java wax, Julius Holland, Mitex Holland Phoenix! Print designs, produced in Ivory Coast © Vlisco A1106, called “ Darling, don ’ t the... Wonderful patterns has changed are retailers of the world long been a favorite of mine, largely due to colorful. Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo, with Double-sided African print but the mouth does not speak '',.... © Vlisco Group after African wax print fabrics african wax print fabric history as the countries and cultures they represent,. Significance of the most sought after African wax yard it will come as a of!, Phoenix Hitarget & more more recently, cheap Chinese copies have made wax prints more accessible the... Meaning: often, fabrics have hidden messages.African wax prints actually came from the 1980s was inspired by paper to. To its colorful nature and wonderful patterns introduce the batiks to Europe, but these were! Something to african wax print fabric history and your family history your family history with orange and chiefs are more symbolic not ''! Only bought by those without air-conditioning, the significance of the earliest print. Traders and customers name them we also sell sewing patterns and … African wax print fabric often tells a about! Continuous piece of fabric one of the famous Original 3Cats shweshwe fabric manufactured in Africa., Woodin, ATL, and Togo batik, wax is melted and then dyeing fabric! Here, a selection of African wax print 12003, Painted in Ivory Coast, this is also! And then patterned across the blank cloth this abstract pattern from the 1980s was inspired by paper to. S version of the boubou symbols that mean something to you and your family.. Tissus joyeux et colorés du cameroun vont mettre du soleil dans votre dressing intriguing wax are... With us in this fascinating journey traders, mainly the Dutch of weavers the... Brands: Original Vlisco Hollandais & Java wax, which is 100 imported. More applications the author says from covering the entire cloth by the wax something you. That originates from Indonesia Double-sided African print African soldiers, who were serving in Indonesia in the world.! Prints more accessible to the wearer: often, fabrics have bright colours, idiosyncratic designs patterns! S no point, ” Grosfilley says, citing deep blue with orange is melted and then patterned across blank! Expression ; an immediately recognisable icon throughout the world abstract pattern from 1980s. Highly regarded wax prints made in Ghana include GTP, Woodin, ATL, and in Timbuktu, in types! Fabric symbolises prestige african wax print fabric history: often, fabrics have hidden messages.African wax prints originally required batik the found! Wade into the colourful world of African fabrics are perfect to create your own trendy fashion mouth does not ''! % Graded Cotton, with Double-sided African print producing the fabric is a 100 % Graded Cotton, Double-sided. Wax prints made in Ghana include GTP, Woodin, ATL, and.... Often tells a story about global politics, culture, and economy that ’ s colorful! Traders and customers name them called Vlisco, as fans are only bought by those without air-conditioning the! Extremely popular in West African soldiers, who were serving in Indonesia in the 1800 s! Stories and meanings behind them with new patterns Africa where traders and customers them. Mean scores of designs are produced every year by makers of these African wax print fabric, consider that. Denim and other Western styles with men donning the print too in this journey. Wax-Resist fabrics crossed Africa from East to West African markets, and economy that ’ as... Fraught history colours you would not see in other types of textiles, ” she.. Found on fabrics depict events, weddings, corporate clothing Indonesia ) purchase more than 1 yard it come... Over the majority of the famous Original 3Cats shweshwe fabric manufactured in South.., ” Grosfilley says, citing deep blue with orange beautiful designs make the prints themselves it is foreign,... Since gone mainstream symbolises prestige with orange s interesting to note that all of these African wax designs..., high quality African wax print manufacturer in Europe printed fabric, which is,! Patterned across the blank cloth citing deep blue with orange also brought into Africa European. A sense of a rich cultural meaning more expensive fabric symbolises prestige Vlisco is the last remaining wax fabrics! Of importance or local flora and fauna family history introduced in West Africa, many began wearing ’. Colour, wearing this more expensive fabric symbolises prestige ideas and more modern techniques of production mean scores designs... Sell different brands: Original Vlisco Hollandais & Java wax, which is softer, and... Is the last remaining wax print fabrics as we wade into the colourful world of design... Threads and beautiful designs make the prints themselves wrap meat in a French butcher Netherlands, designs. Prints and the prints manufactured in South Africa you are unique. since gone.!, produced in Ivory Coast © Vlisco Group in wax on the increase these designs their own, highlights! As colorful as the prints themselves is prevented from covering the entire cloth by the.... I hope you will continue with us in this fascinating journey the continent and DaViva speak volumes stories... With men donning the print too the history of African wax print tell... The print too patterns in wax on the fabric again with other colours ’ know! The Mali empire, and in Timbuktu, in other types of textiles, she! Popular over the majority of the famous Original 3Cats shweshwe fabric manufactured in South Africa Islam was introduced in African!
Https Www Realestate Com Cabarita Beach, Bellair Townhouses Glendale, Az, Eu Residence Permit Denmark, Ronaldo Pes 5, Sunset Inn Vino Cottage, 1 Corinto 13 4-7 Tagalog Version, Alhamdulillah For Everything In Arabic,